How I’d Hack Your Weak Passwords

Note: I wrote this back in 2007, and it’s been read by tens of millions of people since. The fundamentals haven’t changed a bit, so the original is below exactly as it was. But the tools on both sides have, so scroll to the bottom for my 2026 update on passkeys, 2FA, and password managers.

If you invited me to try and crack your password, you know the one that you use over and over for like every web page you visit, how many guesses would it take before I got it? Let’s see… here is my top 10 list. I can obtain most of this information much easier than you think, then I might just be able to get into your e-mail, computer, or online banking. After all, if I get into one I’ll probably get into all of them.

1. Your partner, child, or pet’s name, possibly followed by a 0 or 1 (because they’re always making you use a number, aren’t they?)
2. The last 4 digits of your social security number.
3. 123 or 1234 or 123456.
4. “password”
5. Your city, or college, football team name.
6. Date of birth – yours, your partner’s or your child’s.
7. “god”
8. “letmein”
9. “money”
10. “love”

Statistically speaking that should probably cover about 20% of you. But don’t worry. If I didn’t get it yet it will probably only take a few more minutes before I do…

Hackers, and I’m not talking about the ethical kind, have developed a whole range of tools to get at your personal data. And the main impediment standing between your information remaining safe, or leaking out, is the password you choose. (Ironically, the best protection people have is usually the one they take least seriously.) One of the simplest ways to gain access to your information is through the use of a Brute Force Attack. This is accomplished when a hacker uses a specially written piece of software to attempt to log into a site using your credentials. Insecure.org has a list of the Top 10 FREE Password Crackers. So, how would one use this process to actually breach your personal security? Simple. Follow my logic:

• You probably use the same password for lots of stuff right?
• Some sites you access such as your Bank or work VPN probably have pretty decent security, so I’m not going to attack them.
• However, other sites like the Hallmark e-mail greeting cards site, an online forum you frequent, or an e-commerce site or a cryptocurrency wallet you’ve shopped at might not be as well prepared. So those are the ones I’d work on.
• So, all we have to do now is unleash Brutus, or THC Hydra on their server with instructions to try say 10,000 (or 100,000 – whatever makes you happy) different usernames and passwords as fast as possible.
• Once we’ve got several login+password pairings we can then go back and test them on targeted sites.
• But wait… How do I know which bank you use and what your login ID is for the sites you frequent? All those cookies are simply stored, unencrypted and nicely named, in your Web browser’s cache. (Read this post to remedy that problem.)

And how fast could this be done? Well, that depends on three main things, the length and complexity of your password, the speed of the hacker’s computer, and the speed of the hacker’s Internet connection. Assuming the hacker has a reasonably fast connection and PC here is an estimate of the amount of time it would take to generate every possible combination of passwords for a given number of characters. After generating the list it’s just a matter of time before the computer runs through all the possibilities – or gets shut down trying. Pay particular attention to the difference between using only lowercase characters and using all possible characters (uppercase, lowercase, and special characters – like @#$%^&*). Adding just one capital letter and one asterisk would change the processing time for an 8 character password from 2.4 days to 2.1 centuries.

Remember, these are just for an average computer, and these assume you aren’t using any word in the dictionary. If Google put their computer to work on it they’d finish about 1,000 times faster. Now, I could go on for hours and hours more about all sorts of ways to compromise your security and generally make your life miserable – but 95% of those methods begin with compromising your weak password. So, why not just protect yourself from the start and sleep better at night? Believe me, I understand the need to choose passwords that are memorable. But if you’re going to do that how about using something that no one is ever going to guess AND doesn’t contain any common word or phrase in it. Here are some password tips:

1. Randomly substitute numbers for letters that look similar. The letter ‘o’ becomes the number ‘0’, or even better an ‘@’ or ‘*’. (i.e. – m0d3ltf0rd… like modelTford)
2. Randomly throw in capital letters (i.e. – Mod3lTF0rd)
3. Think of something you were attached to when you were younger, but DON’T CHOOSE A PERSON’S NAME! Every name plus every word in the dictionary will fail under a simple brute force attack.
4. Maybe a place you loved, or a specific car, an attraction from a vacation, or a favorite restaurant?
5. You really need to have different username / password combinations for everything. Remember, the technique is to break into anything you access just to figure out your standard password, then compromise everything else. This doesn’t work if you don’t use the same password everywhere.
6. Since it can be difficult to remember a ton of passwords, I recommend using Roboform for Windows users. It will store all of your passwords in an encrypted format and allow you to use just one master password to access all of them. It will also automatically fill in forms on Web pages, and you can even get versions that allow you to take your password list with you on your PDA, phone or a USB key. If you’d like to download it without having to navigate their web site here is the direct download link.
7. Mac users can use 1Password. It is essentially the same thing as Roboform, except for Mac, and they even have an iPhone application so you can take them with you too.
8. Once you’ve thought of a password, check its strength to find out how secure it is. (See my 2026 update at the bottom of this post for the modern way to do this.)

By request I also created a short RoboForm Tutorial. Hope it helps… Another thing to keep in mind is that some of the passwords you think matter least actually matter most. For example, some people think that the password to their e-mail box isn’t important because “I don’t get anything sensitive there.” Well, that e-mail box is probably connected to your online banking account. If I can compromise it then I can log into the Bank’s Web site and tell it I’ve forgotten my password to have it e-mailed to me. Now, what were you saying about it not being important? Often times people also reason that all of their passwords and logins are stored on their computer at home, which is save behind a router or firewall device. Of course, they’ve never bothered to change the default password on that device, so someone could drive up and park near the house, use a laptop to breach the wireless network and then try passwords from this list until they gain control of your network – after which time they will own you! Now I realize that every day we encounter people who over-exaggerate points in order to move us to action, but trust me this is not one of those times. There are 50 other ways you can be compromised and punished for using weak passwords that I haven’t even mentioned. I also realize that most people just don’t care about all this until it’s too late and they’ve learned a very hard lesson. But why don’t you do me, and yourself, a favor and take a little action to strengthen your passwords and let me know that all the time I spent on this article wasn’t completely in vain. Please, be safe. It’s a jungle out there.

EDIT: You might also want to listen to my interview on Connecticut Public Radio about password security.

Updated for 2026

I wrote everything above back in 2007, and something like 20 million of you have read it since. The core message still holds: the weak password you reuse everywhere is the single thing standing between a stranger and your entire digital life. But it’s almost two decades later, so here’s what actually matters now.

The Crack Times Got Way Worse

That table above assumes a “reasonably fast” 2007 PC. Today a single high-end graphics card guesses orders of magnitude faster, and you can rent a whole rack of them in the cloud by the hour. Worse, attackers run them against leaked password databases offline, where there’s no site lockout to slow them down. The practical result: an 8-character password the old table called “2.1 centuries” can now fall in hours, and a lowercase-only 8-character password can fall in seconds.

The lesson: length now beats complexity. A 16-plus character passphrase made of a few random words buys you far more protection than swapping an “o” for a “0” ever did.

Use Passkeys Wherever You Can

The biggest change since I wrote this is passkeys. Instead of a password you type (and that can be phished, guessed, or leaked in a breach), your device holds a cryptographic key and proves it’s you with your fingerprint, face, or PIN. There’s nothing for an attacker to brute force and nothing to steal out of the website’s database. Google, Apple, Microsoft, and a growing list of banks and stores support them now. Turn them on.

Turn On Two-Factor Authentication (the Right Kind)

If a site doesn’t do passkeys yet, add two-factor authentication so your password alone isn’t enough to get in. Use an authenticator app (many password managers have one built in) or a physical hardware security key. Avoid SMS text codes if you have any other option, because phone numbers get hijacked more easily than people think.

Let a Password Manager Do the Remembering

Back in 2007 I told you to use RoboForm “for your PDA or USB key.” Same advice, better tools. A modern password manager generates a long, unique, random password for every single site, stores them all encrypted behind one master password (or a passkey), and fills them in for you. That kills the entire attack I described up top, where I break into one weak site just to learn the password you reuse on your bank. Pick any reputable one and let it do the work.

Find Out If You’ve Already Been Breached

Odds are a password of yours is already sitting in a leaked database somewhere. Go to haveibeenpwned.com, type in your email, and it’ll tell you exactly which breaches you’ve turned up in. Anything it flags, go change it, and stop reusing it.

More security posts worth your time: Protect WordPress from Hackers, How to Recover Windows Login Passwords (and why that should scare you), and Protect Your Privacy Online.